大口径操作:怎么对接 PE 管?多人协作与工具使用技巧

2025-09-13

在市政工程、供水排水及燃气输送等领域,大口径PE管凭借其优异的性能被广泛应用。与小口径管材相比,大口径PE管的对接施工对操作规范、团队协作和工具运用都有更高要求。下面就为大家详细介绍大口径PE管对接的关键步骤及注意事项。

施工前的准备工作直接影响对接质量。首先需根据施工图纸明确管材规格型号,检查管材外观是否有破损、变形等问题,确保管口平整无毛刺。同时要规划好施工区域,清理现场杂物,保证足够的操作空间。由于大口径PE管重量较大,单人难以搬运和定位,必须提前明确人员分工,通常需要3-5人协同作业,分别负责管材固定、设备操作、参数监控和安全监护。

工具准备是施工的基础保障。热熔对接机是核心设备,需根据管材直径选择匹配的夹具和加热板,使用前要检查设备运行是否正常,加热板温度控制系统是否精准。此外,还需准备好专用割刀、刮刀、卷尺、记号笔、水平仪以及清洁抹布等辅助工具。对于公称直径超过630mm的管材,建议配备吊装设备辅助搬运,确保管材在移动过程中不受损伤。

管材预处理环节不容忽视。用割刀将管材端面切割平整,切割时要保证切口与管轴线垂直,误差不超过1°。切割完成后,使用刮刀清除管材端口内外壁的氧化层,刮削深度以去除氧化层为宜,通常为0.1-0.2mm。刮削过程中要保持力度均匀,确保端口表面光滑整洁。预处理后的管材端口需用干净抹布擦拭干净,避免灰尘、油污等杂质影响热熔质量。

热熔对接操作是整个施工过程的核心。首先将处理好的管材固定在热熔对接机的夹具上,调整管材位置,使两管端面对齐,错边量不应超过管材壁厚的10%。启动加热板,待温度升至设定值(通常为190±10℃,具体需根据管材牌号确定)后,将加热板放置在两管材端面之间,控制对接机使管材缓慢靠近加热板,施加适当的压力使管材端面与加热板紧密接触,直至出现均匀的翻边。

加热时间达到要求后(一般按照管材壁厚每毫米加热10秒计算),迅速移开加热板,同时控制对接机使两管材在规定时间内快速对接,施加保压压力。保压过程中要保持管材稳定,避免产生轴向位移或旋转。冷却时间需严格遵循规范要求,待接口温度自然冷却至环境温度后方可拆除夹具,严禁采用强制冷却方式。

施工过程中,多人协作的默契配合至关重要。设备操作员需密切关注加热温度、压力和时间等参数,及时与辅助人员沟通;辅助人员要负责观察管材对齐情况和翻边状态,发现异常立即示意停止操作。整个团队要严格按照既定方案施工,确保每个环节衔接顺畅。

对接完成后,需对接口质量进行检查。首先观察翻边是否均匀对称,高度和宽度是否符合要求;其次检查接口是否有裂纹、气泡等缺陷;最后用手锤轻击接口部位,听声音判断是否存在虚焊。对于不合格的接口,必须切断重新对接,严禁勉强使用。

大口径PE管的对接施工是一项系统性工作,需要施工人员具备专业技能和丰富经验。在实际操作中,要始终坚持安全第一、质量为本的原则,严格执行操作规程,充分发挥团队协作优势,正确使用施工工具,才能确保对接接口的质量和工程的安全可靠。通过规范施工流程和加强过程管控,有效提升大口径PE管的安装质量,为后续的管道安全运行奠定坚实基础。



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